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In Antiquity the municipality of Sirmium (today Syrmisch-Mitrowitz) was the capital of the Roman province of Lower Pannonia. This name was later to be applied to the entire surrounding region. It was first settled by Germans during the Carolingian period and again later under the first kings of Hungary, the Arpads. The mountain range known as the Frankengebirge (or Fruska Gora) recalls the Frankish title to this territory.
An Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan had his seat at Sremski Karlovci. After 1557, the Serbian Patriarch at Pec (Ipek) had jurisdiction over this.
After 1526, the region fell to the Ottoman Empire, many of the previous inhabitants fleeing before them.
With the conquests by the Habsburg Empire under Emperor Leopold I, the Turks were expelled in 1687. A peace treaty signed at Sremski Karlovci (Karlowitz) in 1699 confirmed this. The rest of Syrmia, the southeast portion, was added at the Peace of Pozarevac (Passarowitz) in 1718. As the region was now significantly depopulated, the Habsburg authorities encouraged emigration from other parts of their Empire; thus did Syrmia become part of the Danube-Swabian migration with the first German settlers going to Semlin.
Emperor Leopold I first rewarded the Italian Odescalchi with Syrmia; later it came to the Albani. Following the peace treaty of Belgrade in 1739, German craftsmen and merchants settled in Peterwardein (Schwabendörfel, Mayerhof), Karlowitz (Deutsche Gasse), Mitrowitz and Vukovar. In 1745 the district of Syrmia was established with capital at Wukowar; its first governor was Baron Pejacevic (Pejatschewitsch) who in 1746 settled the first Germans on his property at Ruma. In the same year 10 to 30 kilometer-wide strips of formerly military territory along southern Syrmia were integrated into its territory. Previously this area had been directly administered by the Court Chamber (Hofkammer) in Vienna. The remainder belonged to various local nobles. In 1777, Friedrich Wilhelm (von) Taube, servant to the Court Chamber, secretly reported on Syrmia to the effect that due to the Turkish wars the land had become a wilderness and that the first immigrants had fallen victim to epidemics.
Some founding dates (according to: Günter
Schödl, Land an der Donau):
1770: Stara Pasova (founded for Protestant Slovaks)
1783: Neu-Slankamen (in the Military Border region, founded by Germans
among others)
1787: suburb of Semlin (like Neu-Slankamen)
1790: about 600 Protestant families from southwest Germany, via Ulm,
went to Peterwardein
1790-1820: re-establishment of German communities in the Military
Border region; the first was:
1791: Neu-Pasua (founded by 62 of the 600 families who had left from
Ulm in 1790); Neu Banovci saw the arrival of more Germans and was
almost fully German as of 1870.
post 1800: The daughter settlement of Sotin whose inhabitants came from
Neudorf, just across the Danube.
1817: Neudorf by Vinkovci (founded for Protestant Germans)
In the course of the 19th century -- in particular in the years 1820 to
1850 -- settlements, particularly Opatovac, Lowas, Jarmina, Berak,
Tompojevci, Tovarnik, Ilaca, Svinjarevci, Babska Nova and
Orolik were strengthened by the influx of or establishments from
daughter settlements in the Batschka.
While this last group of settlements was all Roman Catholic, 1859 saw
the start of another influx of Evangelical Lutheran settlers, this time
into Sidski Banovci, Neu-Jankowzi, Beschka, Bingula, Krcedin and
others.
1867 saw the division of the the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy into a western, Austrian and an eastern, Hungarian half, the latter of which included Syrmia. The aftermath saw a strong magyarization effort.
Syrmia remained in the Austrian Empire and then the Kingdom of Hungary component of Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of the First World War. At this time most of Syrmia apart from the extreme eastern portion joined the new nation of Yugoslavia as part of the Treaty of Trianon (June 4, 1920) to become part of the Vojvodina autonomous region of the Serbian republic. Administratively, it was part of the larger eastern section called Danube Banschaft, with a smaller western section belonging to the Save Banschaft. There was a strong slavicization effort, with which the Donauschwaben in Syrmia accommodated themselves well.
Even though the region was not absorbed back into Hungary during the years 1941-44 as other neighboring regions were Syrmia was not spared the cruel fate that most Donauschwaben regions experienced during and following the Second World War. Following it, Syrmia was again part of the Vojvodina within the Serbian part of the Yugoslavian republic.
Heimatortsgemeinschaften:
Please note that except where otherwise noted,
all the contacts are located in Germany;
this should be taken into account when addressing letters.
The Donauschwaben colonies in Syrmia are listed in Villages in Syrmien
Books describing the history and genealogy of the entire region.
Books describing the history and genealogy of a specific community within the region.
Periodicals: